Silent heart attack: What makes it so dangerous

A typical heart attack – medically termed a myocardial infarction (MI) – is usually heralded by sudden, severe chest pain that radiates to the arm or jaw, a feeling of tightness in the center of the chest, as well as shortness of breath and dizziness. However, it is not always so clear-cut: some heart attacks go undetected for a long time or manifest only through nonspecific symptoms. Often, such a mild heart attack is only discovered much later by chance – sometimes after months or even years. 

What is a silent heart attack?

Around 45 percent of all myocardial infarctions are so-called silent or asymptomatic heart attacks, affecting men more often than women. In these cases, parts of the heart muscle die due to impaired blood flow. These infarctions are usually very small, cause barely noticeable symptoms, and remain undetected for a long time. They are frequently only diagnosed later – sometimes months or even years later. This can give the impression that they are less dangerous than classic heart attacks. However, studies show that silent heart attacks are also associated with a similarly high long-term mortality risk.

Silent heart attack: This is the danger it poses

Silent heart attacks are more dangerous than previously thought; the risk of further attacks increases. According to the German Heart Foundation, people with diabetes are particularly at risk. Their persistently elevated blood sugar levels often damage nerves, preventing the proper transmission of pain signals from a heart attack. A silent or even a classic heart attack can therefore go unnoticed. Those affected should have their heart checked regularly. Even athletic individuals can experience a mild heart attack.

Here's how you can prevent a silent heart attack

Known risk factors for a heart attack include poor or disrupted sleep, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking. Avoiding these factors can significantly reduce the risk. Regular health check-ups also help detect cardiovascular diseases early.

If an atypical heart attack is suspected, Dr. Kathrin Weidner, a senior physician at the University Hospital Mannheim, strongly advises against driving oneself in an interview with SWR. Instead, one should immediately contact their family doctor, a cardiology practice, or emergency services.

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